Cross-sectional school survey finds non-linear links between disorder, bullying, and negative gang perceptions in high school students, highlighting nuanced social drivers of gang attitudes.
Youth gang involvement is a concern in British Columbia, but how school contexts and bullying shape gang-related attitudes remains unclear. Using data from 1,673 students in seven high schools, we examined associations between school disorder, bullying victimization, and gang attitudes. School fixed-effects regressions on multiply imputed data indicated an inverted curvilinear association between school disorder and beliefs about negative gang realities. Complete-case sensitivity analyses using wild cluster bootstrap procedures provided some evidence of a U-shaped association between bullying victimization and these beliefs. Neither exposure was associated with general gang attitudes or positive gang myths. Prevention implications are discussed.
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Wong et al. (2026) studied this question.
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