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August 22, 2026PLoS ONEOpen Access

Why are women not online? A study protocol to understand gender-based digital exclusion among marginalized women in Pakistan and promote digital gender inclusion

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Authors

AFAnam Shahil FerozMAMuhammad AsimSLSana Liaquat

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Overview

Qualitative protocol explores sociocultural drivers of gender-based digital exclusion in marginalized women, highlighting community-led strategies to reduce the digital divide.

Key Points

  • To investigate the sociocultural norms shaping marginalized women's access to digital technology and co-design community-informed strategies for digital gender inclusion.
  • Qualitative protocol guided by technofeminism and community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles in Azam Basti, Karachi, Pakistan.
  • Three-phase approach involving a Community Advisory Committee, focus groups and in-depth interviews using photo-elicitation and role-playing with women, family gatekeepers, and community leaders, followed by co-design workshops.
  • Qualitative data will be evaluated using reflexive thematic analysis.
  • Protocol designed to characterize individual, familial, and structural barriers and facilitators influencing digital technology adoption among marginalized women.
  • Aims to establish community-partnered frameworks that engage family gatekeepers and leaders to move beyond individual digital literacy toward systemic inclusion.

Cite This Study

Feroz et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a89600eca7ade938187f0e2https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0356104
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