Baicalein and Αlpha-Tocopherol Inhibit Toll-like Receptor Pathways in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Figure 1. Chemical structure of α-tocopherol and baicalein.

Figure 2. Impact of α-tocopherol and baicalein administration on kidney function. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Significant vs. control group refers to A, while significant vs. (cisplatin, -tocopherol, and baicalein) treatment groups refers to (B, C, D), respectively.

Figure 3. Effect of α-tocopherol and baicalein administration on SOD, GSH, and MDA levels in control and cisplatin-treated groups. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Significant vs. control group refers to A, while significant vs. (cisplatin, -tocopherol, and baicalein) treatment groups refers to (B, C, D), respectively.

Figure 4. Effect of α-tocopherol and baicalein administration on NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF in control and treated groups. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Significant vs. control group refers to A, while significant vs. (cisplatin, -tocopherol, and baicalein) treatment groups refers to (B, C, D), respectively.

Figure 5. Effect of α-tocopherol and baicalein administration on TLR2 and TLR4 in control and treated groups. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Significant vs. control group refers to A, while significant vs. (cisplatin, -tocopherol, and baicalein) treatment groups refers to (B, C, D), respectively.

Figure 6. Effect of α-tocopherol and baicalein administration on Keap-1 and NRF-2 in control and treated groups. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Significant vs. control group refers to A, while significant vs. (cisplatin, -tocopherol, and baicalein) treatment groups refers to (B, C, D), respectively.

Figure 7. Microscopic pictures of H&E-stained renal sections showing (A) tubulointerstitial damage score in treated groups, Significant vs. control group refers to A, while significant vs. (cisplatin, -tocopherol, and baicalein) treatment groups refers to (B, C, D), respectively, (B) normal cortex and medulla in the control group, (C) leukocytic cell infiltration (star) and dilated tubules (black arrow) in cisplatin group, (D) mitotic figure (white arrow) in α-tocopherol group, (E) mitotic figure (white arrow) in baicalein group, and (F) prominent nuclei (arrowhead) in combined treatment group. High magnification ×: 400 bar 50.

Figure 8. Microscopic pictures of adrenal sections immunostained against TLR4 from rat groups sacrificed after 10 days showing (A) positive cell score Significant vs. control group refers to A, while significant vs. (cisplatin, -tocopherol, and baicalein) treatment groups refers to (B, C, D), respectively, (B) control group, and (C) marked expression in positive brown tubular expression in Cis group. (D) The positive brown tubular expression slightly decreased in renal sections from the α-tocopherol group, (E) moderately decreased in renal sections from the baicalein group, and (F) significantly decreased in renal sections from the combined treatment group. Black arrows indicate a positive reaction. IHC counterstained with Mayer’s hematoxylin. High magnification ×: 400 bar 50.

Figure 9. Microscopic pictures of adrenal sections immunostained against TLR2 from rat groups sacrificed after 10 days showing (A) positive cell score, significant vs. control group refers to A, while significant vs. (cisplatin, -tocopherol, and baicalein) treatment groups refers to (B, C, D), respectively, (B) control group, and (C) marked expression in positive brown tubular expression in Cisplatin group. (D) The positive brown tubular expression slightly decreased in renal sections from α-tocopherol group, (E) moderately decreased in renal sections from baicalein group, and (F) significantly decreased in renal sections from the combined treatment group. Black arrows indicate positive reaction. IHC counterstained with Mayer’s hematoxylin. High magnification ×: 400 bar 50.

Figure 10. Microscopic pictures of adrenal sections immunostained against Keap-1 from rat groups sacrificed after 10 days showing (A) positive cell score, significant vs. control group refers to A, while significant vs. (cisplatin, -tocopherol, and baicalein) treatment groups refers to (B, C, D), respectively, (B) control group with marked Keap-1 expression, and (C) mild expression in positive brown tubular expression in Cisplatin group. (D) The positive brown tubular expression slightly increased in renal sections from the α-tocopherol group, (E) moderately increased in renal sections from the baicalein group, and (F) significantly increased in renal sections from the combined treatment group. Black arrows indicate positive reaction. IHC counterstained with Mayer’s hematoxylin. High magnification ×: 400 bar 50.