X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the electronic structure of Cu, Ag, and Au atoms implanted in SiO2. In each case the valence levels shifted to higher binding energy and narrowed compared to the bulk metals, approaching the expected shape of the gas phase free atom spectra. A model is presented which allows calculation of photoemission and Auger energies from atomic spectra, and is shown to accurately predict the observed spectra.
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Young et al. (1979) studied this question.
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