Population
Single, voltage-clamped cardiocytes
Comparison
Lidocaine and its metabolite glycylxylidide (GX) vs Lidocaine alone or GX alone
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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May explain variable lidocaine efficacy during ischemia; leaves open translation of modulated receptor hypothesis to human myocardium.
Lidocaine and its metabolite GX compete for the same cardiac sodium channel receptor, which can paradoxically reduce channel blockade when both are present under certain voltage conditions.
Bennett et al. (1988) studied this question.
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