What question did this study set out to answer?

To determine whether 8.2 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by electronic article surveillance systems cause adverse interference in monopolar cardiac pacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators.

January 1, 2012Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and ApplicationOpen Access

Impact of a Radio Frequency Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) System on Active Implants

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Why the study?

Does exposure to 8.2 MHz electronic article surveillance systems induce adverse electromagnetic interference in numerical models of patients with cardiac pacemakers and ICDs?

Population

Numerical anatomical models of pacemaker patients with monopolar cardiac pacemakers and implantable…

Design

Preclinical

Authors

NLNorbert LeitgebGraz University of Technology FNFlorian NiedermayrGraz University of Technology CFC. FuchsMax Planck Institute for Plasma Physics

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Supports safety of existing 8.2 MHz EAS for CIED patients; leaves open interference risk under expanded limits.

Key Points

To determine whether 8.2 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by electronic article surveillance systems cause adverse interference in monopolar cardiac pacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators.
Exposed numerical anatomical models of patients with monopolar implants at pectoral or abdominal sites to simulated 8.2 MHz magnetic fields from an electronic article surveillance gate.
Evaluated interference risks at both a standard center walking position and a worst-case scenario with the patient's back positioned immediately adjacent to the gate.
Under conventional sensing thresholds, no adverse electromagnetic interference or inadequate sensing occurred in either central or worst-case gate positions across the exposure range of existing systems.
Adverse electromagnetic interference cannot be excluded if electronic article surveillance systems fully implement newly expanded exposure limits.

Structured PICO

Does exposure to 8.2 MHz electronic article surveillance systems induce adverse electromagnetic interference in numerical models of patients with cardiac pacemakers and ICDs?

Population

Numerical anatomical models of pacemaker patients (NORMAN model: BMI 23.6, 73 kg, 176 cm; Visible Man model: BMI 29.8, 103 kg, 186 cm) with monopolar cardiac pacemakers (CPM) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) at left pectoral, right pectoral, or abdominal sites.

Intervention

Exposure to magnetic fields of a simulated electronic article surveillance (EAS) gate source operating at 8.2 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.

Outcome

Induced interference peak-to-peak voltage (UPP) between the cardiac electrode tip and pacemaker can.safety

Existing 8.2 MHz EAS systems do not pose a risk of adverse electromagnetic interference to compliant cardiac pacemakers and ICDs, though newly expanded exposure limits could theoretically induce interference.

Cite This Study

Leitgeb et al. (2012) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a89d04d451a22fc7efb9241 https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2012.49049

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Impact of a Radio Frequency Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) System on Active Implants

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Structured PICO

Cite This Study

Impact of a Radio Frequency Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) System on Active Implants

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Structured PICO

Cite This Study

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Also Consider