A comprehensive model is presented of erbium-doped integrated optical waveguide amplifiers that include high concentration dissipative ion-ion interactions. Calculations based on actual waveguide parameters closely reproduce measured gains for different pump powers and different erbium concentrations up to 60 × 1024m−3. The quenching concentration for erbium-doped phosphate glass is found to be 20–30 × 1024m−3.
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Lumholt et al. (1993) studied this question.
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