The effect of neprilysin and renin inhibition on the renal dysfunction following ischemia‐reperfusion injury in the rat

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Experimental protocol showing the time points of administering the medications, blood collections, and urine collection by metabolic cages

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  FIGURE 2. The gene expression of two of markers of acute renal injury (KIM‐1 and NGAL) in all the groups. Values represent mean ± SEM. * and $ indicate statistical significance when compared with the G‐Sham and G‐IRI, respectively

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  FIGURE 3. The gene expression of the pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic cytokines TGF‐β1, PAI‐1, and MCP‐1 genes in all groups. Values represent mean ± SEM. * and $ indicate statistical significance when compared to the G‐Sham and G‐IRI, respectively

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  FIGURE 4. The gene expression of the pro‐apoptotic p53 gene in all groups. Values represent mean ± SEM. * and $ indicate statistical significance when compared to the G‐Sham and G‐IRI, respectively

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  FIGURE 5. The histological features in all the experimental groups. (a) The kidneys in G‐Sham showing normal architecture and histology. (b) represents the histological features in the G‐IRI with acute tubular necrosis (arrowhead) with dilated tubules and intratubular secretion. (c&d, e&f, and g&h) show the histological features in G‐Scb, G‐Als, and G‐Als+Scb, respectively with variable degrees of acute tubular necrosis. Among the three groups, the least degree of acute tubular necrosis, is shown in G‐Als + Scb

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  FIGURE 6. The degree of acute tubular necrosis (in percentage) in all the groups. * and $ indicate statistical significance when compared to the G‐Sham and G‐IRI, respectively