Effect of Physical Form and Amount of Citrus Pulp on Utilization of Complete Feeds for Dairy Cattle

Experiment 1 tested effects of conventional pulp on rumen fermentation in five groups of ~stulated steers.All ratious were 1/~ hay and ~ concentrates with 0 to 60% citrus pulp.Acetate/propionato ratios were over 4 in all eases, and no significant difference resulted from percent of citrus pulp.Digestibilities of energy, dry anatter, and protein were unaffected by portion of citrus pulp.The second experiment was similar to the ~rst, but the controlled variable was the portion of pellets in a cor~stant (33%) citrus pulp.Rumen volatile fatty acids data were similar to those of experiment 1 in that all were normal and no differences were significant.The average acetate/propionate ratio was about 4.Experiment 3 involved two separate switchback ~trials in which the comparison was pelleted with conventional citrus pulp.The criterion was milk composition of fat, solids not fat, protein, tit-ratable acidity, and chloride.All observations were normal, and no treatment effects occurred.