A universal active R biquad structure is presented which uses only resistors and two operational amplifiers. The network provides general biquadratic, band‐pass and low‐pass characteristics and is suitable for high‐frequency applications at medium pole Q values. When the network is adjusted to realize a high‐pass characteristic it becomes a special case from Schaumann's circuit N. The biquad circuit is recommended for monolithic integration.
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Soliman et al. (1978) studied this question.
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