We describe a method which provides an estimate of the accuracy to which time-domain features of seismic signals can be measured in the presence of noise. Observed seismograms are simulated by adding random noise with the same frequency spectrum and signal-to-noise ratio to matching synthetic seismograms. The effect of noise on synthetic and observed P-wave first motions is used as an illustration. It is shown that the apparent reliability of such observations, as determined by visual estimation, is often illusory.
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Pearce et al. (1977) studied this question.
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