Bioinspired Polarization‐Encoded Neuromorphic Vision Enabled by Polarization‐Adaptive Optoelectronic Synapses

Autonomous systems operating in complex, dynamic environments require visual hardware capable of perceiving high‐dimensional optical cues while performing low‐latency, energy‐efficient computation. However, existing neuromorphic vision devices mainly encode light intensity or wavelength and lack intrinsic polarization awareness and adaptive processing. Here, we report a polarization‐adaptive neuromorphic vision system based on a chiral (R/S‐APE)BiI 5 /P3HT heterojunction optoelectronic synapse. Operating under zero bias, the device exhibits a stable polarization‐dependent photoresponse down to ultralow light intensity (170 nW cm −2 ), enabling energy‐efficient visual sensing. The polarization‐adaptive optoelectronic synapse shows strong circularly polarized light (CPL) selectivity, delivering approximately 3‐fold higher responses to left‐handed than right‐handed CPL, and emulates key synaptic functions, including paired‐pulse facilitation (up to 180%) and short‐ and long‐term plasticity. These behaviors originate from dynamic charge trapping at the perovskite/P3HT interface, as revealed by Kelvin probe force microscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy, enabling biological‐like light adaptation under dim illumination and glare. A 64 × 64 neuromorphic imaging array demonstrates high uniformity (photoresponse non‐uniformity of 5.59%), polarization‐encoded contrast enhancement, and reliable pattern recognition in glare‐resistant nighttime scenarios. This work highlights chiral perovskite heterostructures as a promising platform for low‐power polarization‐encoded neuromorphic vision, enabling robust visual perception for autonomous driving and intelligent machine vision systems.