A parabolic correlation between stress hyperglycemia ratio and 28-day mortality in US participants with diabetes and heart failure

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Flowchart of the study cohort. HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c, ICU = intensive care unit, MIMIC-IV = Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV.

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  Figure 2.. Kaplan–Meier curves of 28-day all-cause mortality stratified by SHR quartiles. The Kaplan–Meier curve compares the 28-day survival probability of the entire cohort and groups stratified by SHR quartiles (Q1: green; Q2: orange; Q3: purple; Q4: pink). The shaded areas around the survival curves represent the 95% confidence intervals. A magnified view of the first 28 days is provided in the inset. The number of subjects at risk at each time point for every group is detailed in the table below the graph. The log-rank test P-value (P < .0001) indicates a statistically significant difference in survival distributions among the groups. SHR = stress hyperglycemia ratio.

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  Figure 3.. Illustrates the association between SHR levels and 28-day all-cause mortality. The data were adjusted for gender, age, weight, and other variables (Model III). The reference standard for SHR was set at the median value. The shaded area represents the 95% confidence interval. Only 99% of the data are shown. SHR = stress hyperglycemia ratio.

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  Figure 4.. Subgroup analysis and forest plot for age, gender, myocardial infarction, and hypertension based on model III. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are presented for both crude and adjusted models, as well as across various prespecified subgroups. The analysis is stratified by SHR quartiles (Q1–Q4), with Q2 serving as the reference group (Ref). The size of the data markers corresponds to the weight of each subgroup in the analysis. The vertical solid line indicates the null effect (HR = 1.0). Horizontal lines represent the 95% CIs. The P-values for interaction were calculated to assess the heterogeneity of the treatment effect across subgroups. In each case, the model was not adjusted for the stratification variable. SHR = stress hyperglycemia ratio.