Theoretical analysis demonstrates an alternative governance framework for democratic states, highlighting non-electoral mechanisms to enhance fiscal efficiency and public sovereignty.
Contemporary political theory and public administration literature in 2026 reflect an escalating crisis in traditional representative governance. Across empirical studies on fiscal sustainability, participatory budgeting, and deliberative legitimacy, international scholarship consistently highlights the structural inefficiencies and social alienation inherent in delegative systems. This paper provides a unified epistemological and structural alternative: the Direct Participatory Political System. By replacing electoral bureaucracy and careerist representation with a scientific, self-regulating framework, this model addresses global calls for fiscal optimisation and genuine public sovereignty. The institutional architecture operates through five non-electoral mechanisms: the Referendum, the Plebiscite, the Public Forum, the Popular Consultation, and Popular Election by Lot, coordinated administratively by the Permanent Board of Direct Participatory Citizen Consultation and the Administrative Secretariat of Public Administration.
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Launi merengue (2026) studied this question.
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