A total closed chest sheep model of cardiogenic shock by percutaneous intracoronary ethanol injection

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Study protocol. BL1 = baseline 1; BL2 = Baseline 2; H + 1 = 60 min after BL2; H + 2 = 120 min after BL2; H + 3 = 180 min after BL2.

• 

  Figure 2. Changes in haemodynamic parameters between baseline 1 (BL1) and baseline 2 (BL2) in SHAM (open circles) and SHOCK (closed circles) groups are presented as mean ± SEM. Representative data from n = 17 CS and n = 8 SHAM animals is presented. A paired Sudent's t test was used to compare two mean values. *p<0.05 versus BL1. MAP mean arterial pressure, CI cardiac index, SVI Stroke volume index, LVESP Left ventricular end-systolic pressure, dP/dtmax maximal positive left ventricular pressure derivative, ESPVR End-systolic pressure-volume relationship, MI myocardial infarction.

• 

  Figure 3. Macroscopic and microscopic aspect of healthy and infarcted myocardium from two representative animals, one CS and one SHAM. Top of figure: macroscopic aspect of healthy (a) and infarcted (d) myocardium after Evans blue dye and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride coloration. The dotted blue line delimits the ischemic territory. Bottom of figure: microscopic aspect of healthy (b, c) and infarcted myocardium (e, f). (b, e) scale: 50 μm; (c, f) scale: 20 μm. Red arrows: red blood cells. Blue arrows: leucocytes. Green arrows: sarcomeres. Dark red arrows: contraction bands. C: collagen. M: myocardial cells.

• 

  Figure 4. Electron microscopy of healthy (left panel: a, b) and infarcted (right panel: c, d) myocardium from two representative animals, one CS and one SHAM. ‘a’ and ‘c’ scale: 2 μm; ‘b’ and ‘d’ scale: 200 nm. In the healthy non-ischemic zone, mitochondria are aligned along the normally structured muscle fibres (a), very dense, not swollen and the inner membrane folding (Cristae) are well preserved (b). In the ischemic zone, the mitochondrial network is disorganized (c), mitochondria are swollen, the inner membrane folding (Cristae) is completely altered (d).