Rauno V. Alatalo, Karin Gottlander, Arne Lundberg, Conflict or Cooperation between Parents in Feeding Nestlings in the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, Ornis Scandinavica (Scandinavian Journal of Ornithology), Vol. 19, No. 1 (Mar., 1988), pp. 31-34
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Alatalo et al. (1988) studied this question.
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