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Liquid crystals are a successful example of how the control of self-assembly via chemical design leads to novel applications. Direct patterning of a continuous metal-free mesogenic phthalocyanine film (discotick liquid crystals) is shown by the spatial control of columns orientation by unconventional lithography. These patterned films work as time–temperature integrators at a columnar rectangular–hexagonal transition temperature.
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Cavallini et al. (2009) studied this question.
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