Evaluation of Uptake and Transport of Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Human Brain-Derived Endothelial Cells

AIM: Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO-NPs) are under development for imaging and drug delivery; however, their interaction with human blood-brain barrier models is not known. MATERIALS & METHODS: The uptake, reactive oxygen species production and transport of USPIO-NPs across human brain-derived endothelial cells as models of the blood-brain tumor barrier were evaluated for either uncoated, oleic acid-coated or polyvinylamine-coated USPIO-NPs. RESULTS: Reactive oxygen species production was observed for oleic acid-coated and polyvinylamine-coated USPIO-NPs. The uptake and intracellular localization of the iron oxide core of the USPIO-NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. However, while the uptake of these USPIO-NPs by cells was observed, they were neither released by nor transported across these cells even in the presence of an external dynamic magnetic field. CONCLUSION: USPIO-NP-loaded filopodia were observed to invade the polyester membrane, suggesting that they can be transported by migrating angiogenic brain-derived endothelial cells.