Generally, both the phase and amplitude of vibration of an object's surface vary from point to point. This paper details two methods for extracting vibrational phase information from the higher order fringes of holographic interferograms recorded by phase modulating either the object or reference illumination. Both methods require the superposition of only a few transparencies of interferograms in order to generate useful vibration-phase contour maps.
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Levitt et al. (1976) studied this question.