Lithographic pattern formation via metastable state rare gas atomic beams

Atomic beams of argon and neon in excited electronic metastable states have been used to pattern bare and dodecanethiol (DDT) resist coated Au/Si substrates. Positive and negative contrast patterning has been observed for DDT-Au/Si, and negative patterning has been observed for bare Au/Si. Our results provide evidence for the formation of these negative patterns resulting from significant background pump oil contamination, and at significantly lower metastable dosages than previously observed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate the growth of a carbonaceous layer as the origin of the negative resists in DDT-Au/Si and bare Au/Si substrates. For DDT-Au/Si, results indicate that the transition from positive to negative resist formation relies both on the metastable dosages and level of background pump oil contamination.