This paper presents a 1-W, class-E power amplifier that is implemented in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and suitable for operations up to 2 GHz. The concept of mode locking is used in the design, in which the amplifier acts as an oscillator whose output is forced to run at the input frequency. A compact off-chip microstrip balun is also proposed for output differential-to-single-ended conversion. At 2-V supply and at 1.98 GHz, the power amplifier achieves 48% power-added efficiency (41% combined with the balun).
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Tsai et al. (1999) studied this question.
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