Traditionally, high voltage DC (HVDC) cable systems have been viewed as the best solution for long-distance submarine transmission links. However, and more recently, the improved performance of AC/DC converters and the environmental concerns of overhead lines have made HVDC cable transmission more and more attractive worldwide. All of this has led to a quasi-exponential growth of installed HVDC cable lines worldwide, particularly in the last two decades (see Figure 1).
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Giovanni Mazzanti (2017) studied this question.
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