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Resonant and non-resonant phenomena in grating based photonic structures were investigated as biological and biochemical sensors particularly for water contaminants. Detectivity on the order of 10-6 RIU was found to be possible. Spectroscopic scatterometry in conical mounting at normal incidence was found to offer high sensitivity and it allows specificity in addition to refractive-index-variation measurement.
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M. Auslender (2007) studied this question.
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