Key result
Rotavirus vaccination implementation was associated with a sharp decrease in rotavirus-related gastroenteritis hospitalizations from 17.81 per 10,000 children in 2012 to 0.79 per 10,000 in 2019.
Why the study?
Rotavirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age, and the impact of introducing a two-dose human attenuated vaccine on hospitalizations in Liguria was assessed.
Does rotavirus vaccination reduce hospitalization rates for rotavirus-related gastroenteritis in pediatric patients?
Observational (n=1,744)
No
Does rotavirus vaccination reduce hospitalization rates for rotavirus-related gastroenteritis in pediatric patients?
Effect estimate: r = -0.694
Absolute Event Rate: 0.79% vs 17.81%
p-value: p=0.012
Rotavirus vaccination significantly reduces pediatric hospitalization rates for rotavirus-related gastroenteritis without increasing the risk of intussusception.
RVGE hospitalizations declined with rising vaccination coverage; supports effectiveness hypothesis but leaves open need for RCTs to confirm causality.
Rotavirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age, with severe illness occurring in 30–40% of cases. In Italian region of Liguria, vaccination with a two-dose human attenuated vaccine was introduced in 2013. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the impact of rotavirus vaccine on hospitalizations for rotavirus-related gastroenteritis (RVGE) at the IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini. Every hospitalization due to laboratory-confirmed RVGE and acute gastroenteritis of unknown origin (AGUO) in patients aged 0–14 years in the period 2008–2019 were anonymously extracted. Vaccine coverage were obtained from the regional vaccination registry. The results were divided in 2008–2012 (before RV vaccine) and 2013–2019 (after) periods. From 2008 to 2012, there was a continuous reduction of AGUO hospitalizations while RVGE increased. Since 2013, a reduction in hospitalization rate was observed for RVGE with a sharp decrease from 17.81 per 10.000 children in 2012 to 0.79 per 10,000 in 2019, parallel with the ascending values of RV vaccination coverage that increased from 36.3% in 2013 to 63.9% in 2019. A significant negative correlation was found between the proportions of vaccinated newborns and RVGE rates (p = .012). Intussusception-related hospitalization did not show substantial modifications. We confirm vaccination as a safe practice that has a significant impact in pediatric hospitalization rates.
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Dettori et al. (2021) conducted an observational in Rotavirus-related gastroenteritis (n=1,744). Rotavirus vaccine vs. Pre-vaccination period (2008-2012) was evaluated on Hospitalization rate for rotavirus-related gastroenteritis (RVGE) (r = -0.694, p=0.012). Rotavirus vaccination implementation was associated with a sharp decrease in rotavirus-related gastroenteritis hospitalizations from 17.81 per 10,000 children in 2012 to 0.79 per 10,000 in 2019.
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