Prevalence and clinical significance of sarcopenia in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms: epidemiology, diagnosis, and intervention strategies

Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of clonal hematopoietic disorders that predominantly affect older patients. These conditions are associated with increased risk of numerous complications. One of the key comorbidities in these patients is sarcopenia—a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function—that significantly worsens quality of life and the prognosis of the underlying disease. The work aimed to systematize current data on the impact of sarcopenia on outcomes in patients with MPNs and to summarize recommendations for its early diagnosis and management to improve clinical outcomes. The review presents data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical relevance of sarcopenia in patients with MPNs. Particular attention is given to the role of chronic inflammation, protein metabolism disorders, the consequences of antitumor therapy, and age-related changes in the development of muscle atrophy. The importance of early diagnosis of sarcopenia using modern tools—such as the SARC-F questionnaire, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and various physical performance tests—is emphasized. Strategies for correcting sarcopenia are presented, including physical exercise, nutritional support, and other approaches that may improve patient prognosis and quality of life. This work is of particular relevance to hematologists, geriatricians, and rehabilitation specialists involved in the care of patients with MPNs. Research into sarcopenia in the context of MPNs remains highly relevant, as timely diagnosis and management may significantly influence clinical outcomes.