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We report the intraoperative use of bent probes for 3-dimensional computer-assisted navigation in ENT surgery with the ISG Viewing Wand. Probe calibration is standardized and the new probes comply with the overall application accuracy of the navigation system. The bent probes permit an easy access to the remotest locations of the maxillary and the frontal sinus and are beneficial for application in paranasal sinus surgery. We present our clinical experiences with these probes.
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Gunkel et al. (1997) studied this question.
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