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PtRu(1:1)/C catalysts were prepared by a process that was claimed previously to lead to nonalloyed Pt and Ru particles, using two different precursors, Ru nitrosyl nitrate and Ru chloride hydrate. Both X-ray diffraction and characterization by cyclic voltammetry point toward Pt and Ru being present as separate phases in the prepared, nonannealed catalysts. In combination with a high dispersion, this results in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) anode electrocatalysts. These PEMFCs have improved hydrogen oxidation activity and CO tolerance.
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Papageorgopoulos et al. (2004) studied this question.
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