What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate long-term outdoor degradation rates, failure modes, and electrical performance of bifacial PERC photovoltaic modules operating in a northern European climate.

August 4, 2025Solar EnergyOpen Access

Field degradation of bifacial photovoltaic modules in northern Europe

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Authors

MBMartin BartholomäusRoskilde University NRNicholas RiedelUniversity of Ottawa LMLuca MorinoRoskilde University

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Implication

Field evaluation reveals accelerated front-side power degradation and mechanical breakage in bifacial photovoltaic modules, indicating outdoor risks beyond standard monofacial benchmarks.

Key Points

To evaluate long-term outdoor degradation rates, failure modes, and electrical performance of bifacial PERC photovoltaic modules operating in a northern European climate.
Assessed 189 PERC modules across four design types after 2.1 to 4.5 years of outdoor exposure in Denmark.
Measured electrical output degradation via flash testing and evaluated cell defects using electroluminescence imaging.
Front-side weighted mean degradation reached 0.63%/a relative to datasheet ratings, exceeding the typical 0.5%/a monofacial benchmark.
Electroluminescence revealed potential-induced degradation impacting rear-side power, alongside UV-induced degradation causing up to 0.75%/a power loss in the first 2.5 years.
Frameless modules experienced back-glass breakage from mowing debris and handling, whereas framed glass-glass architectures exhibited superior structural resilience.

Cite This Study

Bartholomäus et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8d4ebbb4e2d843785be832 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2025.113786

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Implication

Field evaluation reveals accelerated front-side power degradation and mechanical breakage in bifacial photovoltaic modules, indicating outdoor risks beyond standard monofacial benchmarks.

Field degradation of bifacial photovoltaic modules in northern Europe

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Field degradation of bifacial photovoltaic modules in northern Europe

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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