EMERGING-E: A global multi-regional input-output model with renewable electricity disaggregation

Multi-regional input-output (MRIO) models trace socioeconomic and environmental performance along complex global supply chains. However, the electricity sector, a major source of fossil fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions, remains insufficiently disaggregated in MRIO databases, hindering assessment of power generation structural change and renewable technology reforms, especially in emerging economies. Here, we establish EMERGING-E, an MRIO model covering 146 sectors across 245 economies, which disaggregates the electricity sector into one transmission sector, one distribution sector, and twelve technology-specific subsectors. Validation against officially reported country-level power generation mixes reveals that EXIOBASE 3 and GTAP-Power 11 tend to overestimate fossil-fuel-based generation (particularly gas and coal) and misrepresent renewables such as hydropower and wind power. By contrast, EMERGING-E aligns closely with official data, improving the accuracy of national electricity generation structures. EMERGING-E enables robust, transparent, and science-based assessments of energy transitions to help guide effective energy and climate governance across global supply chains.