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January 18, 2026BiomedicinesOpen Access

Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and TSA

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Key result

Cardiac rehabilitation significantly improved peak oxygen uptake compared with usual care in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (MD 2; 95% CI 1.02-2.81).

Why the study?

Cardiac rehabilitation improves clinical outcomes in cardiovascular disease, but its benefits in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators are not well established.

Does cardiac rehabilitation improve peak oxygen uptake and safety in adults with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators compared to standard care?

Comparison

Cardiac rehabilitation vs standard care

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs

Authors

LCLiviu Ștefan CălinCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyDADarie Ioan AndreescuCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyMBMircea Ioan Alexandru BistriceanuElectrophysiology

Discussion

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Implication

Reinforces the functional benefits of cardiac rehabilitation in ICD recipients; extends Level 1 evidence to support routine.

Study Design

Type

Meta-Analysis (n=1,461)

Structured PICO

Does cardiac rehabilitation improve peak oxygen uptake and safety in adults with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators compared to standard care?

P
Population
1,461 adults with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators from 7 RCTs, comparing cardiac rehabilitation to standard care.
I
Intervention
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR)
C
Comparator
Standard care / usual care
O
Outcome
Change in peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) from the baseline to the final follow-upsurrogate

Main Result

Mean Difference: 2 (95% CI 1.02–2.81)

Cardiac rehabilitation safely enhances exercise capacity and quality of life in ICD recipients without increasing arrhythmic events or mortality.

Cite This Study

Călin et al. (2026) conducted a meta-analysis in Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) (n=1,461). Cardiac rehabilitation vs. Standard care was evaluated on Change in peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) from baseline to final follow-up (MD 2, 95% CI 1.02-2.81). Cardiac rehabilitation significantly improved peak oxygen uptake compared with usual care in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (MD 2; 95% CI 1.02-2.81).

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8dac0237479a8d604acb67https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14010207
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Moderate exercise training improves functional capacity, quality of life, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in chronic heart failure patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy2006 · 176 citations
  2. 2Use and Outcomes of Dual Chamber or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Defibrillators Among Older Patients Requiring Ventricular Pacing in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Registry2021 · 1 citations
  3. 3The role of cardiac rehabilitation in improving cardiovascular outcomes2021 · 575 citations
  4. 4Home-based telemonitored Nordic walking training is well accepted, safe, effective and has high adherence among heart failure patients, including those with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: a randomised controlled study2014 · 186 citations
  5. 5Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation improves outcome for patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Findings from the COPE-ICD randomised clinical trial2014 · 72 citations