Ischemic Heart Disease Selectively Modifies the Right Atrial Appendage Transcriptome

Figures

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  Figure 1. (A) Demographic characteristics of the study population. AMI, acute myocardial infarction; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; MACCE, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention. (B) Pre- and post-operative medication use in the study groups. Color key representing the total use of medication (as log2 average DDD); bubble plot representing the percentage of patients on medication indicated in study groups. DDD, defined daily dose.

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  Figure 2. (A–C) Volcano plots providing an overview and the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). IHD vs. GTEx patients (A), non-IHD vs. GTEx patients (B), and IHD vs. non-IHD patients (C). (D) DEG-related pathways between IHD and non-IHD vs. GTEx comparison. Major differences are highlighted in red, with the color key showing the activation Z-score. The size of a balloon represents the –log(FDR) value. (E) P-values for the top five enriched pathways in IHD vs. non-IHD group comparisons. (F) Number of DEGs in the top five enriched pathways IHD vs. non-IHD group comparisons.

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  Figure 3. (A) List of enriched miRNAs in IHD vs. non-IHD patients. Color key, log FC; bubble plot, number of targets. (B) List of pathways related to enriched miRNAs. The bars express –log(p-value). (C) Differentially expressed downstream target genes and pathways related to hsa-mir-1254-1 and hsa-mir-6769a.

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  Figure 4. (A) Heatmap showing a general overview of DEGs comparing the categorized EF groups in IHD patients. The heatmap color key expresses the Z-scores. (B) Correlations between PCDHGs and preoperative EF and preoperative laboratory values. The size of the bubble indicates the p-value and the color key indicates the Pearson R. (C) Correlations between preoperative EF and PCDHGs. EF, ejection fraction; PCDHG, protocadherin.

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  Figure 5. (A) List of genes associated with SYNTAX score I. (B) FUT10 and CSRNP3 correlations with preoperative laboratory tests. The color key illustrates the Pearson R and the size of the bubble indicates the p-value. (C) FUT10 and CSRNP3 expression in the SYNTAX score groups. (D,E) Representative CSRNP3 and FUT10 stainings from the validation group.

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  Figure 6. Pathways associated with a positive and negative benefit from surgery according to EF change. The heatmap provides a visual overview of the differences between two groups in terms of DEGs and clinically associated diseases, with color key representing the Z-score, and the top ten up and down regulated pathways are listed with their log(FDR) values.

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  Figure 7. (A) Top 10 genes linearly correlated with the change in EF following surgery. (B) Correlation heatmap of the genes mapped to a GO biological process. Color key, correlation coefficient. (C) Correlation plots of the top three genes with the highest |logFC| between surgery benefit classes.