Electroporation-primed cascade nanocatalysis boosts STING-driven chemoimmunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

potentiates STING activation, whereas curcumin promotes immunogenic cell death and alleviates immunosuppression by inhibiting the IDO-kynurenine axis. Importantly, nsPEF pretreatment serves as a delivery primer that markedly enhances intratumoral penetration and cellular uptake of ZNFM, thereby strengthening local therapeutic activation and promoting systemic antitumor immunity. In HCC models, nsPEF + ZNFM induces marked tumor regression, promotes dendritic cell maturation, elicits robust cytotoxic T-cell responses, and suppresses tumor rechallenge. These findings establish an electroporation-enabled cascade nanotherapeutic platform for durable HCC chemoimmunotherapy.