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Legal analysis reviews the universal right to self-determination across core international human rights covenants, highlighting its role in global sovereignty.
Article 1 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) reads: "All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development." This exact language is also found in article 1 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).
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Steven Newcomb (2026) studied this question.
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