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The effects of grain orientation and La-modification on piezoelectric properties in hot-forged (H.F.) ferroelectric ceramics of some bismuth layer structure oxides were studied, comparing them with ordinarily fired (O.F.) ones. La-modified and/or grain-oriented (H.F.) ceramics have the larger electromechanical coupling factor than non-modified and/or O.F. ones.
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Takenaka et al. (1981) studied this question.
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