Qualitative analysis reveals state-directed cultural and educational outreach expands elite alignment in MENA, highlighting strategic reach and cultural limits.
This paper analyzes China’s expanding soft power strategy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). It explores how Beijing shapes regional perceptions through education, language promotion, media cooperation, and cultural initiatives. Using qualitative analysis of policy documents, official speeches, and regional reporting, the study identifies the main tools and audiences of China’s efforts. Findings show that China’s approach is highly state-directed and rooted in official policy. Through language programs, media partnerships, and cultural centers, China seeks to enhance its image and build ties with regional elites. While these initiatives have increased visibility and political alignment, their long-term effectiveness in fostering genuine cultural attraction remains uncertain, underscoring both the potential and limitations of China’s soft power in MENA.
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Fulton et al. (2026) studied this question.
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