Planning knowledge is analyzed as a system of knowing-in-practice which includes the framing of role and situation, and the interpersonal theories of action which the practitioner brings to his practice. Through the analysis of a case study, drawn from the practice of an intermediary planner, it is shown, first, how the system of knowing-in-practice is built around the particular image of planning as a “balancing act” and second, how the system of knowing-in-practice directs and limits the planner's reflection on his practice.
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Donald A. Schön (1982) studied this question.
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