Why the study?
What is the incidence and cause of failed spinal anesthetics using bupivacaine and lidocaine in patients undergoing surgery?
What is the incidence and cause of failed spinal anesthetics using bupivacaine and lidocaine in patients undergoing surgery?
Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and lidocaine has a low failure rate (3.1%), which is primarily driven by technical factors such as injection interspace rather than patient demographics or the anesthetic agents.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Spinal anesthesia failure remains uncommon and technically driven; leaves open whether interspace optimization reduces rates in broader practice.
The failure rates associated with spinal anesthesia using bupivacaine and lidocaine were studied prospectively in 1891 patients. The failure rate was 3.1%, with the most common reason for failure an inadequate level of anesthesia for the surgical procedure. Demographic variables showed no significant correlation with the failures. The primary technical reason for failure was use of a low interspace for the administration of the anesthetic agent. All the anesthetic agents used were found reliable in producing spinal anesthesia.
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Pekka Tarkkila (1991) studied this question.
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