Key result
Among 46 cattle with suspected bovine viral diarrhoea, HoBi-like pestivirus was detected in 9, revealing the emergence of a novel genetic clade (e) associated with severe mucosal disease-like signs.
Why the study?
Although HoBi-like pestivirus had been reported in cattle in India, information on currently circulating strains and associated severe clinical disease was lacking.
Observational (n=46)
Yes
The study identifies a novel genetic lineage (clade e) of HoBi-like pestivirus associated with severe mucosal disease-like signs in cattle in southern India.
HoBiPeV may cause severe MD in Indian cattle; leaves open prevalence, strain dynamics, and control needs.
Natural infections with HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) have been detected in cattle in South America, Europe and Asia with a range of clinical manifestations including fatal mucosal disease (MD). In India, although HoBiPeV in cattle has been reported, there is no information on currently circulating HoBiPeV strains and associated severe clinical disease. Between September 2018 and December 2019, suspected cases of bovine viral diarrhoea with severe disease in cattle were noticed in farmers’ small holdings in Tamil Nadu State. To determine the extent of pestivirus infection, blood, serum, nasal or oral swab samples of 46 cattle from 18 villages were tested. Based on the real-time RT-PCR, antigen ELISA and nucleotide sequencing results, pestivirus was detected in nine cattle from eight villages in two districts and all pestiviruses were identified as HoBiPeV. All nine HoBiPeV-infected cattle displayed clinical signs resembling MD and HoBiPeV isolates (n = 9) obtained were characterized at genetic and antigenic level. Phylogenetic analyses based on 5′-untranslated regions (5′-UTR), Npro and combined 5′-UTR-Npro gene sequences revealed that eight HoBiPeV isolates clustered into a clade, distinct from all reported HoBiPeV clades (a–d), whereas one belonged to HoBiPeV-d clade, thus providing evidence of emergence of a novel HoBiPeV clade (e). This was also supported by HoBiPeV-e clade-specific amino acid substitutions in Npro and the antigenic reactivity patterns. The study demonstrates the existence and independent evolution of five HoBiPeV clades (four main clades) globally and surprisingly three exclusive to India. Also we confirm first HoBiPeV occurrence in southern India with predominant prevalence of HoBiPeV-e strains. Besides demonstrating increased HoBiPeV genetic diversity, here we show association of HoBiPeV with severe clinical disease involving fatalities highlighting impact of HoBiPeV on cattle health. The emergence of a novel HoBiPeV lineage provides new insights on global HoBiPeV epidemiology and genetic diversity reiterating the need for continuous monitoring of HoBiPeV in India.
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Kalaiyarasu et al. (2021) conducted an observational in Suspected bovine viral diarrhoea with severe disease (n=46). HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) infection was evaluated on Detection and genetic characterization of pestivirus. Among 46 cattle with suspected bovine viral diarrhoea, HoBi-like pestivirus was detected in 9, revealing the emergence of a novel genetic clade (e) associated with severe mucosal disease-like signs.
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