Why the study?
Does hybrid epicardial and endocardial ablation improve rhythm control in patients with difficult persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation?
Does hybrid epicardial and endocardial ablation improve rhythm control in patients with difficult persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation?
Hybrid epicardial and endocardial ablation is a feasible and effective approach for difficult cases of persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation, particularly in patients at risk for pulmonary vein stenosis.
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May offer option for PV stenosis risk in persistent AF; leaves open efficacy versus standard ablation in trials.
Pak et al. (2007) studied this question.
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