100 patients, referred for urodynamic study, have had several cystometrograms performed at each examination, and the effect of filling at different rates and in different positions has been assessed. This has included pressure measurements carried out during "physiological" bladder filling. Bladder instability was found to be a highly consistent phenomenon, its detection being independent of filling rate or position of filling.
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Ramsden et al. (1977) studied this question.
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