A CMOS programmable balanced output transconductor for analogue signal processing

A new CMOS programmable balanced output transconductor (BOTA) is introduced. The BOTA is a useful block for continuous-time analogue signal processing. A new CMOS realization of the BOTA is given. The proposed realization is based on the cascaded connection of a new voltage controlled differential transconductor, a voltage controlled MOS grounded resistor and a balanced output transconductor stage. Applications of the BOTA in realizing a floating resistor, a balanced output differential integrator, a continuous-time balanced output bandpass–lowpass filter, a floating inductor and the active realization of the RLC filters using a minimum number of the BOTA are given. PSpice simulation results for the BOTA circuit and for its applications are also given.