Potential Benefits of Nitrate Supplementation on Antioxidant Defense System and Blood Pressure Responses after Exercise Performance

Figures

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  Figure 1. Experimental design. Each square represents 1 day. In the 1st day, an incremental test in the cycle ergometer was performed (black square). After 5 days, the acute test was performed (T1). Then, 5 days of supplementation with nitrate or placebo was carried out and the exercise was repeated (T2). After 7 days of washout, the experimental with crossover supplementation was repeated (T3, acute, and T4, 5 days of supplementation). Saliva was collected at basal (0′), 60 minutes after supplementation (60′), immediately after exercise (90′), and 15, 30, and 60 minutes after the test (105′, 120′, and 150′).

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  Figure 2. Concentration of salivary nitrite post 30 min of exercise on cycle ergometer. (a) Acute supplementation. (b) AUC postexercise with acute supplementation. (c) Five days of supplementation. (d) AUC postexercise with five days of supplementation. †Difference from the baseline session (P < 0.05); ∗statistical difference from the PL session (P < 0.05).

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  Figure 3. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes after 30 min of cycle ergometer exercise in acute and after 5 days of supplementations. Acute supplementation (a–d). Five days of supplementation (e–h). AUC after exercise (b, d, f, and h). ∗Statistical difference from the PL session (P < 0.05).

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  Figure 4. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) content after 30 min of cycle ergometer exercise. (a) Acute supplementation. (b) Five days. ∗Statistical difference from preexercise (0′) (P < 0.05).

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  Figure 5. Salivary uric acid concentration after 30 min of cycle ergometer exercise in NO and PL group. (a) Acute supplementation. (b) AUC of acute supplementation. (c) Five days of nitrate supplementation. (d) AUC 5 days of nitrate supplementation. (e) Baseline uric acid concentrations from NO group. (f) Baseline uric acid concentrations from the PL group. ∗Statistical difference from the PL group (P < 0.05). †Statistical difference in basal uric acid concentration between FD and AC treatments (P < 0.05).

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  Figure 6. Total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) after 30 min of cycle ergometer exercise. (a) Acute supplementation. (b) AUC of acute supplementation. (c) Five days of supplementation. (d) AUC of 5 days of supplementation. ∗Statistical difference from the PL session (P < 0.05).

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  Figure 7. Salivary lipid peroxidation (TBARS) after 30 min of cycle ergometer exercise. (a) Acute supplementation. (b) AUC of acute supplementation. (c) Five days of supplementation. (d) AUC of 5 days of supplementation. ∗Statistical difference from the PL session (P < 0.05).

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  Figure 8. Salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity after 30 min of cycle ergometer exercise. (a) Acute supplementation. (b) AUC of acute supplementation. (c) Five days of supplementation. (d) AUC of 5 days of supplementation. ∗Statistical difference from the PL session (P < 0.05).