Association between Plasmodium Infection and Nitric Oxide Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Figures

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  Figure 1. The study selection process.

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  Figure 2. Forest plot of meta-analysis comparing NO levels between patients with malaria and uninfected controls. The mean NO levels were similar between the two groups (p = 0.25). The blue boxes indicate effect estimates for individual studies; the green diamond indicates the pooled effect estimate. N, number of participants in each group; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval. References [16,30,31,35,37,39,40,42,43,44,46,47].

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  Figure 3. Forest plot of meta-analysis comparing NO levels between patients with severe and nonsevere malaria. Mean NO levels were similar between the two groups (p = 0.09). The blue boxes indicate the effect estimates for individual studies, and the green diamond indicates the pooled effect estimate. N, number of participants in each group; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval. References [16,35,36,37,38].

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  Figure 4. The funnel plot displays an asymmetrical distribution of effect estimates (blue dots) across the middle line (red vertical line).

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  Figure 5. The leave-one-out analysis demonstrated significant influence from an individual study on the meta-analysis comparing patients with malaria to uninfected controls. The green dots indicate the pooled effect estimates for each rerun analysis. The red vertical line indicates the estimated overall results. The gray vertical line is the no-effect line. CI, confidence interval. References [16,30,31,35,37,39,40,42,43,44,46,47].

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  Figure 6. The leave-one-out analysis demonstrated significant influence from an individual study on the meta-analysis comparing patients with severe and non-severe malaria. The green dots indicate the pooled effect estimates for each rerun analysis. The red vertical line indicates the estimated overall results. The gray vertical line is the no-effect line. CI, confidence interval. References [16,35,36,37,38].