March 31, 2025BMC Cardiovascular DisordersOpen Access

Impact of metabolic syndrome on clinical characteristics and one-year outcomes of patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a propensity score-matched comparison

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Why the study?

Metabolic syndrome increases cardiovascular disease risk and is prevalent in acute coronary syndrome, prompting this evaluation of the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary PCI with versus without metabolic syndrome.

Does metabolic syndrome impact in-hospital mortality, one-year death, and one-year MACCE in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI?

Structured PICO

Does metabolic syndrome impact in-hospital mortality, one-year death, and one-year MACCE in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI?

Population

2,651 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who underwent primary PCI at Tehran Heart Center from 2012 to 2020, mean age ~60, majority men.

Intervention

Presence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria

Comparator

Absence of Metabolic Syndrome (non-MetS)

Outcome

In-hospital mortality, one-year death, and one-year major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE)hard clinical

The presence of metabolic syndrome does not appear to significantly impact one-year clinical outcomes or in-hospital mortality in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI.

Implication

Metabolic syndrome shows no link to mortality or MACCE after primary PCI in STEMI; leaves open its prognostic value in this population.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of symptoms, including insulin resistance, high blood sugar, and abdominal obesity, that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This syndrome is prevalent in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), comprising patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study evaluated the prognosis of AMI patients who underwent primary PCI in two groups with and without MetS. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed on ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients referred to the emergency department of Tehran Heart Center from 2012 to 2020 who underwent primary PCI. Patients were divided into MetS and non-MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Two thousand, six hundred fifty-one patients were included, and 1850 patients (70%) had MetS. The mean age of patients with MetS compared to non-MetS showed no significant difference (60.16 vs 59.37 years, P-value = 0.053). In both groups, the majority were men. Forty-seven in-hospital deaths occurred, with no significant difference regarding the presence of MetS. Two hundred-six deaths happened during the one-year follow-up, without a significant difference between the two groups. Two hundred-sixteen MACEs were observed in one year, which was not significantly different between patients with and without MetS. CONCLUSION: In-hospital mortality, one-year death, and one-year MACCE were not associated with MetS in this study.