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O ptical fibres underpin some of the most advanced and efficient communication and information technologies currently available. An optical fibre is a flexible glass fibre with a diameter only slightly thicker than a human hair. Optical fibres can be used to transmit light over long distances with higher data transfer rates (or 'bandwidths') than standard electric cables. Compared to metal wires, optical fibres also exhibit far lower signal loss and are immune to the effects of electromagnetic interference, which can disturb electrical conduction in metal circuits and cause a deterioration of, for instance, TV or radio signals. They can also be bundled into cables, which is especially important for telecommunication and computer networking.
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