Circulating microparticles in cardiovascular disease: going on stage!

Context: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. In spite of the fact that treatments are based on risk calculators which in turn are based on population characteristics, it is well known that these methods have definite levels of uncertainty. Recently, more precise diagnostic or predictive methods have been developed based on indicators of vascular and/or cardiac damage in order to supplement this risk evaluation.Objective: In this review, we describe the main discoveries leading to the idea of using circulating microparticles as a promising and complementary tool in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk.Methods: A Medline search for the terms cardiovascular diseases, microparticles, miRNAs, diagnosis, prognosis, biomarkers and microvesicles was performed.Results: We found (i) nine articles, which were relevant to forming the idea of using microparticles as biomarkers in CVDs, and (ii) 15 and 12 experimental clinical studies which describe their potential in primary and secondary CVD prevention, respectively.Conclusions: The levels of circulating microparticles have been associated with cardiovascular damage in asymptomatic patients as well as in patients who suffered a cardiovascular event, becoming promising diagnostics or prediction biomarkers in recent years.