Triple antithrombotic therapy versus double antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation in patients requiring chronic oral anticoagulation: a meta-analysis

Background Whether an addition of OAC to double antiplatelet therapy for patients with an indication of chronic oral anticoagulation undergoing PCI-S may improve clinical outcomes is still debated. This meta-analysis aimed to update and re-compare the benefits and risks of triple antithrombotic therapy (TT) with double anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) after in patients who requiring oral anticoagulation after percutaneous coronary interventions with stenting (PCI-s). Methods Ten reports of observational retrospective or prospective studies were retrieved, including a total of 6296 patients, follow-up period ranging from 1 year to 2 years. Results Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. The main finding of this study is the overall incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI) and stent thrombosis was comparable between two groups. Patients with TT was associated with significant reduction in ischemic stroke ( OR : 0.27; 95% CI : 0.13-0.57; P =0.0006) as compared to DAPT. We reaffirmed triple therapy significantly increased the risk of major bleeding ( OR : 1.47; 95% CI : 1.22-1.78; P <0.0001) and minor bleeding ( OR : 1.55; 95% CI : 1.07-2.24; P =0.02). Conclusions Triple therapy is more efficacious in reducing the occurrence of ischemic stroke in PCI-s patients with an indication of chronic oral anticoagulation (OAC), compared with DAPT. However, it significantly increased major and minor risk of bleeding. It is imperative that further prospective randomized controlled trials are required to define the best therapeutic strategy for patients with an indication of chronic OAC undergoing PCI-s.