A developmental route to recovery, Kilimanjaro and back. Experiences of an adventure therapy project for individuals with problematic substance use

The aims of this paper were to (1) Explore the experiences of individuals with PSU in preparing for and conducting a Norwegian Kilimanjaro Expedition, and (2) Investigate the experiences of health and social professional leaders in planning and conducting the expedition. A prolonged, novel adventure therapy project framework was used regarding planning and conducting an expedition to the mountain of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Focus group interviews were conducted with expedition participants and leaders concerning their experiences, five years following the expedition completion. The results illustrate how a prolonged adventure therapy project framework, including social interactions and co-operation, led to experiences of personal achievements and agency that were useful for individuals’ PSU recovery processes, years after expedition completion. Follow-up services should aim to develop opportunities for individuals with PSU to experience agency and growth in outdoor arenas. Future research should focus on how adventure therapy and outdoor learning could impact human change.