Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
A 25-year-old male presented with a history of chronic urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, and bilateral upper pole hydronephrosis due to bilateral renal collecting system duplication. A bilateral renal collecting system duplication is a relatively rare abnormality and is often associated with an obstructed, poorly functioning upper pole moiety. Here, we report this rare case including surgical management via the robotic laparoscopic method, and we briefly discuss the embryological development of the kidney and collecting system.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Childress et al. (2016) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 7 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: