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Chemical synthesis study demonstrates efficient stereospecific cinnamate coupling via palladium nanoparticles in ionic liquids, indicating a critical role for tetrabutylammonium acetate.
Reaction of the catalyst 1 or Pd(OAc)(2) with tetrabutylammonium acetate, dissolved in tetrabutylammonium bromide, leads to a fast formation of Pd nanoparticles which efficiently catalyze the stereospecific reaction of cinnamates with aryl halides to give beta-aryl-substituted cinnamic esters. The role of tetrabutylammonium acetate is crucial in determining the formation of nanoparticles and stereospecificity of the C-C coupling process.
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Calò et al. (2003) studied this question.
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